WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Is there at least some explicit legislative prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity?

The term “gender identity” includes references to ‘gender expression’, ‘gender reassignment’, ‘transgenderism’, or ‘Hijra/Kothi’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “gender identity” captures all of these definitions.

The term ‘gender’ refers to country references to ‘gender’ or ‘sex’ or specific protections for ‘female’ or ‘women’ employees.

No explicit protection means that country legislation does not explicitly prohibit workplace discrimination on the basis of gender identity nor gender broadly, nor specifically against discrimination in hiring, pay, promotions and/or demotions, training, nor terminations.

Prohibition based on gender means that country legislation does explicitly prohibit at least one of these forms of workplace discrimination on the basis of gender, but does not address gender identity. In some countries, these provisions have been interpreted to cover sexual orientation through case law or regulations.

Prohibition based on gender identity means that country legislation does explicitly prohibit at least one of these forms of workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.

Countries

Afghanistan - No explicit prohibition

Brunei - No explicit prohibition

Malaysia - No explicit prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No explicit prohibition

Myanmar - No explicit prohibition

Nauru - No explicit prohibition

Nigeria - No explicit prohibition

Palau - No explicit prohibition

Singapore - No explicit prohibition

Solomon Islands - No explicit prohibition

Sri Lanka - No explicit prohibition

Sudan - No explicit prohibition

Tonga - No explicit prohibition

Algeria - Prohibition based on gender

Angola - Prohibition based on gender

Antigua and Barbuda - Prohibition based on gender

Armenia - Prohibition based on gender

Austria - Prohibition based on gender

Azerbaijan - Prohibition based on gender

Bahamas - Prohibition based on gender

Bahrain - Prohibition based on gender

Bangladesh - Prohibition based on gender

Barbados - Prohibition based on gender

Belarus - Prohibition based on gender

Belize - Prohibition based on gender

Benin - Prohibition based on gender

Bhutan - Prohibition based on gender

Bolivia - Prohibition based on gender

Botswana - Prohibition based on gender

Brazil - Prohibition based on gender

Burkina Faso - Prohibition based on gender

Burundi - Prohibition based on gender

Cambodia - Prohibition based on gender

Cameroon - Prohibition based on gender

Cabo Verde - Prohibition based on gender

Central African Republic - Prohibition based on gender

Chad - Prohibition based on gender

China - Prohibition based on gender

Colombia - Prohibition based on gender

Comoros - Prohibition based on gender

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Prohibition based on gender

Republic of the Congo - Prohibition based on gender

Costa Rica - Prohibition based on gender

Cote d'Ivoire - Prohibition based on gender

Cyprus - Prohibition based on gender

Djibouti - Prohibition based on gender

Dominica - Prohibition based on gender

Dominican Republic - Prohibition based on gender

Ecuador - Prohibition based on gender

Egypt - Prohibition based on gender

El Salvador - Prohibition based on gender

Equatorial Guinea - Prohibition based on gender

Eritrea - Prohibition based on gender

Estonia - Prohibition based on gender

Ethiopia - Prohibition based on gender

Gabon - Prohibition based on gender

The Gambia - Prohibition based on gender

Germany - Prohibition based on gender

Ghana - Prohibition based on gender

Greenland - Prohibition based on gender

Grenada - Prohibition based on gender

Guatemala - Prohibition based on gender

Guinea - Prohibition based on gender

Guinea-Bissau - Prohibition based on gender

Guyana - Prohibition based on gender

Haiti - Prohibition based on gender

Indonesia - Prohibition based on gender

Iran - Prohibition based on gender

Iraq - Prohibition based on gender

Ireland - Prohibition based on gender

Israel - Prohibition based on gender

Italy - Prohibition based on gender

Jamaica - Prohibition based on gender

Japan - Prohibition based on gender

Jordan - Prohibition based on gender

Kazakhstan - Prohibition based on gender

Kenya - Prohibition based on gender

Kiribati - Prohibition based on gender

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Prohibition based on gender

Republic of Korea - Prohibition based on gender

Kuwait - Prohibition based on gender

Kyrgyzstan - Prohibition based on gender

Laos - Prohibition based on gender

Latvia - Prohibition based on gender

Lebanon - Prohibition based on gender

Lesotho - Prohibition based on gender

Libya - Prohibition based on gender

Liechtenstein - Prohibition based on gender

Lithuania - Prohibition based on gender

Madagascar - Prohibition based on gender

Malawi - Prohibition based on gender

Maldives - Prohibition based on gender

Mali - Prohibition based on gender

Marshall Islands - Prohibition based on gender

Mauritania - Prohibition based on gender

Mauritius - Prohibition based on gender

Mexico - Prohibition based on gender

Monaco - Prohibition based on gender

Morocco - Prohibition based on gender

Mozambique - Prohibition based on gender

Namibia - Prohibition based on gender

Nepal - Prohibition based on gender

New Zealand - Prohibition based on gender

Nicaragua - Prohibition based on gender

Niger - Prohibition based on gender

Oman - Prohibition based on gender

Panama - Prohibition based on gender

Papua New Guinea - Prohibition based on gender

Paraguay - Prohibition based on gender

Peru - Prohibition based on gender

The Philippines - Prohibition based on gender

Poland - Prohibition based on gender

Qatar - Prohibition based on gender

Romania - Prohibition based on gender

Russian Federation - Prohibition based on gender

Rwanda - Prohibition based on gender

Samoa - Prohibition based on gender

San Marino - Prohibition based on gender

Sao Tome and Principe - Prohibition based on gender

Saudi Arabia - Prohibition based on gender

Senegal - Prohibition based on gender

Seychelles - Prohibition based on gender

Sierra Leone - Prohibition based on gender

Somalia - Prohibition based on gender

South Africa - Prohibition based on gender

South Sudan - Prohibition based on gender

St. Kitts and Nevis - Prohibition based on gender

St. Lucia - Prohibition based on gender

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - Prohibition based on gender

Eswatini - Prohibition based on gender

Switzerland - Prohibition based on gender

Syria - Prohibition based on gender

Tajikistan - Prohibition based on gender

Tanzania - Prohibition based on gender

Thailand - Prohibition based on gender

Timor-Leste - Prohibition based on gender

Togo - Prohibition based on gender

Trinidad and Tobago - Prohibition based on gender

Tunisia - Prohibition based on gender

Türkiye - Prohibition based on gender

Turkmenistan - Prohibition based on gender

Tuvalu - Prohibition based on gender

Uganda - Prohibition based on gender

United Arab Emirates - Prohibition based on gender

United States of America - Prohibition based on gender

Uruguay - Prohibition based on gender

Uzbekistan - Prohibition based on gender

Vanuatu - Prohibition based on gender

Venezuela - Prohibition based on gender

Vietnam - Prohibition based on gender

Yemen - Prohibition based on gender

Zambia - Prohibition based on gender

Zimbabwe - Prohibition based on gender

Albania - Prohibition based on gender identity

Andorra - Prohibition based on gender identity

Argentina - Prohibition based on gender identity

Australia - Prohibition based on gender identity

Belgium - Prohibition based on gender identity

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Prohibition based on gender identity

Bulgaria - Prohibition based on gender identity

Canada - Prohibition based on gender identity

Chile - Prohibition based on gender identity

Croatia - Prohibition based on gender identity

Cuba - Prohibition based on gender identity

Czech Republic - Prohibition based on gender identity

Denmark - Prohibition based on gender identity

Fiji - Prohibition based on gender identity

Finland - Prohibition based on gender identity

France - Prohibition based on gender identity

Georgia - Prohibition based on gender identity

Greece - Prohibition based on gender identity

Honduras - Prohibition based on gender identity

Hungary - Prohibition based on gender identity

Iceland - Prohibition based on gender identity

India - Prohibition based on gender identity

Liberia - Prohibition based on gender identity

Luxembourg - Prohibition based on gender identity

North Macedonia - Prohibition based on gender identity

Malta - Prohibition based on gender identity

Moldova - Prohibition based on gender identity

Mongolia - Prohibition based on gender identity

Montenegro - Prohibition based on gender identity

The Netherlands - Prohibition based on gender identity

Norway - Prohibition based on gender identity

Pakistan - Prohibition based on gender identity

Portugal - Prohibition based on gender identity

Serbia - Prohibition based on gender identity

Slovakia - Prohibition based on gender identity

Slovenia - Prohibition based on gender identity

Spain - Prohibition based on gender identity

Suriname - Prohibition based on gender identity

Sweden - Prohibition based on gender identity

Ukraine - Prohibition based on gender identity

United Kingdom - Prohibition based on gender identity