WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of sex characteristics?

The term “sex characteristics” includes terms such as “sex characteristics”, “sexual characteristics”, “intersex characteristics”, “intersex status”, or “person with intersex variations”.

Promotions and/or demotions includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination in promotions, advancement, discipline, demotions, and in certain cases, prohibition of discrimination in performance evaluations.

No prohibition means that legislation does not does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of sex characteristics. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions means that legislation prohibits discrimination in promotions and/or demotions generally—for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of sex characteristics.

Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on sex characteristics means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of sex characteristics, but does not explicitly address discrimination in promotions nor demotions on this basis. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.

Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit sex characteristics-based prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions, or b) extends a broad prohibition of sex characteristics-based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions to all workers.

Countries

United Arab Emirates - No prohibition

Afghanistan - No prohibition

Antigua and Barbuda - No prohibition

Armenia - No prohibition

Austria - No prohibition

Azerbaijan - No prohibition

Barbados - No prohibition

Bangladesh - No prohibition

Burkina Faso - No prohibition

Bulgaria - No prohibition

Bahrain - No prohibition

Burundi - No prohibition

Benin - No prohibition

Brunei - No prohibition

Bolivia - No prohibition

Brazil - No prohibition

Bahamas - No prohibition

Bhutan - No prohibition

Botswana - No prohibition

Belarus - No prohibition

Belize - No prohibition

Canada - No prohibition

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Central African Republic - No prohibition

Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Switzerland - No prohibition

Cote d'Ivoire - No prohibition

Chile - No prohibition

Cameroon - No prohibition

China - No prohibition

Colombia - No prohibition

Costa Rica - No prohibition

Cabo Verde - No prohibition

Cyprus - No prohibition

Germany - No prohibition

Djibouti - No prohibition

Dominica - No prohibition

Dominican Republic - No prohibition

Algeria - No prohibition

Ecuador - No prohibition

Estonia - No prohibition

Egypt - No prohibition

Eritrea - No prohibition

Ethiopia - No prohibition

Finland - No prohibition

Fiji - No prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No prohibition

France - No prohibition

United Kingdom - No prohibition

Grenada - No prohibition

Ghana - No prohibition

Greenland - No prohibition

The Gambia - No prohibition

Guinea - No prohibition

Equatorial Guinea - No prohibition

Guatemala - No prohibition

Guinea-Bissau - No prohibition

Guyana - No prohibition

Honduras - No prohibition

Haiti - No prohibition

Indonesia - No prohibition

Ireland - No prohibition

Israel - No prohibition

Iran - No prohibition

Italy - No prohibition

Jamaica - No prohibition

Jordan - No prohibition

Japan - No prohibition

Kenya - No prohibition

Kyrgyzstan - No prohibition

Cambodia - No prohibition

Kiribati - No prohibition

Comoros - No prohibition

St. Kitts and Nevis - No prohibition

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Kuwait - No prohibition

Kazakhstan - No prohibition

Laos - No prohibition

Lebanon - No prohibition

St. Lucia - No prohibition

Liechtenstein - No prohibition

Sri Lanka - No prohibition

Liberia - No prohibition

Lesotho - No prohibition

Lithuania - No prohibition

Luxembourg - No prohibition

Libya - No prohibition

Morocco - No prohibition

Monaco - No prohibition

Madagascar - No prohibition

Marshall Islands - No prohibition

Mali - No prohibition

Myanmar - No prohibition

Mongolia - No prohibition

Mauritania - No prohibition

Malta - No prohibition

Mauritius - No prohibition

Maldives - No prohibition

Malaysia - No prohibition

Mozambique - No prohibition

Namibia - No prohibition

Niger - No prohibition

Nigeria - No prohibition

Nicaragua - No prohibition

Norway - No prohibition

Nepal - No prohibition

Nauru - No prohibition

New Zealand - No prohibition

Oman - No prohibition

Panama - No prohibition

Papua New Guinea - No prohibition

The Philippines - No prohibition

Poland - No prohibition

Palau - No prohibition

Paraguay - No prohibition

Qatar - No prohibition

Romania - No prohibition

Rwanda - No prohibition

Saudi Arabia - No prohibition

Solomon Islands - No prohibition

Seychelles - No prohibition

Sudan - No prohibition

Sweden - No prohibition

Singapore - No prohibition

Sierra Leone - No prohibition

San Marino - No prohibition

Senegal - No prohibition

Somalia - No prohibition

Suriname - No prohibition

South Sudan - No prohibition

El Salvador - No prohibition

Eswatini - No prohibition

Chad - No prohibition

Togo - No prohibition

Thailand - No prohibition

Tajikistan - No prohibition

Timor-Leste - No prohibition

Tunisia - No prohibition

Tonga - No prohibition

Türkiye - No prohibition

Trinidad and Tobago - No prohibition

Tuvalu - No prohibition

Tanzania - No prohibition

Uganda - No prohibition

United States of America - No prohibition

Uruguay - No prohibition

Uzbekistan - No prohibition

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No prohibition

Venezuela - No prohibition

Vietnam - No prohibition

Vanuatu - No prohibition

Samoa - No prohibition

Yemen - No prohibition

Zambia - No prohibition

Zimbabwe - No prohibition

Andorra - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Angola - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Argentina - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Cuba - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Czech Republic - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Gabon - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Georgia - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Croatia - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Hungary - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Iraq - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Latvia - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Moldova - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

North Macedonia - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Malawi - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Mexico - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Peru - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Portugal - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Russian Federation - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Slovenia - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Slovakia - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Sao Tome and Principe - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Syria - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Turkmenistan - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Ukraine - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

South Africa - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Greece - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on sex characteristics

Albania - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

Australia - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

Belgium - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

Denmark - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

Spain - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

India - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

Iceland - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

Montenegro - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

The Netherlands - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

Pakistan - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition

Serbia - Yes, sex characteristics-specific prohibition