WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of gender identity?

The term “gender identity” includes references to ‘gender reassignment’, ‘transgenderism’, or ‘Hijra/Kothi’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “gender identity” captures all of these definitions.

Promotions and/or demotions includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination in promotions, advancement, discipline, demotions, and in certain cases, prohibition of discrimination in performance evaluations.

No prohibition means that legislation does not does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of gender identity focus. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions means that legislation prohibits discrimination in promotions and/or demotions generally—for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of gender identity.

Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of gender identity, but does not explicitly address discrimination in promotions nor demotions on this basis. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.

Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit gender identity-based prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions, or b) extends a broad prohibition of gender identity-based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions to all workers.

Countries

United Arab Emirates - No prohibition

Afghanistan - No prohibition

Antigua and Barbuda - No prohibition

Armenia - No prohibition

Austria - No prohibition

Azerbaijan - No prohibition

Barbados - No prohibition

Bangladesh - No prohibition

Burkina Faso - No prohibition

Bahrain - No prohibition

Burundi - No prohibition

Benin - No prohibition

Brunei - No prohibition

Bolivia - No prohibition

Brazil - No prohibition

Bahamas - No prohibition

Bhutan - No prohibition

Botswana - No prohibition

Belarus - No prohibition

Belize - No prohibition

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Central African Republic - No prohibition

Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Switzerland - No prohibition

Cote d'Ivoire - No prohibition

Cameroon - No prohibition

China - No prohibition

Colombia - No prohibition

Costa Rica - No prohibition

Cabo Verde - No prohibition

Cyprus - No prohibition

Germany - No prohibition

Djibouti - No prohibition

Dominica - No prohibition

Dominican Republic - No prohibition

Algeria - No prohibition

Ecuador - No prohibition

Estonia - No prohibition

Egypt - No prohibition

Eritrea - No prohibition

Ethiopia - No prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No prohibition

Grenada - No prohibition

Ghana - No prohibition

Greenland - No prohibition

The Gambia - No prohibition

Guinea - No prohibition

Equatorial Guinea - No prohibition

Guatemala - No prohibition

Guinea-Bissau - No prohibition

Guyana - No prohibition

Haiti - No prohibition

Indonesia - No prohibition

Ireland - No prohibition

Israel - No prohibition

Iran - No prohibition

Italy - No prohibition

Jamaica - No prohibition

Jordan - No prohibition

Japan - No prohibition

Kenya - No prohibition

Kyrgyzstan - No prohibition

Cambodia - No prohibition

Kiribati - No prohibition

Comoros - No prohibition

St. Kitts and Nevis - No prohibition

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Kuwait - No prohibition

Kazakhstan - No prohibition

Laos - No prohibition

Lebanon - No prohibition

St. Lucia - No prohibition

Liechtenstein - No prohibition

Sri Lanka - No prohibition

Lesotho - No prohibition

Lithuania - No prohibition

Libya - No prohibition

Morocco - No prohibition

Monaco - No prohibition

Madagascar - No prohibition

Marshall Islands - No prohibition

Mali - No prohibition

Myanmar - No prohibition

Mauritania - No prohibition

Mauritius - No prohibition

Maldives - No prohibition

Malaysia - No prohibition

Mozambique - No prohibition

Namibia - No prohibition

Niger - No prohibition

Nigeria - No prohibition

Nicaragua - No prohibition

Nepal - No prohibition

Nauru - No prohibition

New Zealand - No prohibition

Oman - No prohibition

Panama - No prohibition

Papua New Guinea - No prohibition

The Philippines - No prohibition

Poland - No prohibition

Palau - No prohibition

Paraguay - No prohibition

Qatar - No prohibition

Romania - No prohibition

Rwanda - No prohibition

Saudi Arabia - No prohibition

Solomon Islands - No prohibition

Seychelles - No prohibition

Sudan - No prohibition

Singapore - No prohibition

Sierra Leone - No prohibition

San Marino - No prohibition

Senegal - No prohibition

Somalia - No prohibition

South Sudan - No prohibition

El Salvador - No prohibition

Eswatini - No prohibition

Chad - No prohibition

Togo - No prohibition

Thailand - No prohibition

Tajikistan - No prohibition

Timor-Leste - No prohibition

Tunisia - No prohibition

Tonga - No prohibition

Türkiye - No prohibition

Trinidad and Tobago - No prohibition

Tuvalu - No prohibition

Tanzania - No prohibition

Uganda - No prohibition

United States of America - No prohibition

Uruguay - No prohibition

Uzbekistan - No prohibition

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No prohibition

Venezuela - No prohibition

Vietnam - No prohibition

Vanuatu - No prohibition

Samoa - No prohibition

Yemen - No prohibition

Zambia - No prohibition

Zimbabwe - No prohibition

Angola - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Gabon - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Iraq - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Latvia - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Malawi - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Mexico - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Peru - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Russian Federation - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Sao Tome and Principe - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Syria - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Turkmenistan - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

South Africa - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Canada - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Chile - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Honduras - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Mongolia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender identity

Andorra - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Albania - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Argentina - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Australia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Belgium - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Bulgaria - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Cuba - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Czech Republic - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Denmark - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Spain - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Finland - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Fiji - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

France - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

United Kingdom - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Georgia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Greece - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Croatia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Hungary - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

India - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Iceland - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Liberia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Luxembourg - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Moldova - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Montenegro - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

North Macedonia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Malta - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

The Netherlands - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Norway - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Pakistan - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Portugal - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Serbia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Sweden - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Slovenia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Slovakia - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Suriname - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition

Ukraine - Yes, gender identity-specific prohibition