WORLD Policy Analysis Center

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Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of foreign national origin?

The term “foreign national origin” includes references to ‘ancestry’, ‘citizenship or origin of parents’, ‘country or place of birth’, ‘homeland’, ‘national descent’, or ‘national origin’. For the purposes of this variable, the term “foreign national origin” captures all of these definitions.

Promotions and/or demotions includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination in promotions, advancement, discipline, demotions, and in certain cases, prohibition of discrimination in performance evaluations.

No prohibition means that legislation does not does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in promotions and/or demotions on the basis of foreign national origin. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions means that legislation prohibits discrimination in promotions and/or demotions generally—for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of foreign national origin.

Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of foreign national origin, but does not explicitly address discrimination in promotions nor demotions on this basis. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.

Yes, prohibition based on foreign national origin means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit foreign national origin-based prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions, or b) extends a broad prohibition of foreign national origin-based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in promotions or demotions to all workers.

Countries

Afghanistan - No prohibition

Antigua and Barbuda - No prohibition

Austria - No prohibition

Barbados - No prohibition

Bangladesh - No prohibition

Bulgaria - No prohibition

Bahrain - No prohibition

Burundi - No prohibition

Benin - No prohibition

Brunei - No prohibition

Bolivia - No prohibition

Bahamas - No prohibition

Bhutan - No prohibition

Botswana - No prohibition

Belize - No prohibition

Canada - No prohibition

Democratic Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Central African Republic - No prohibition

Republic of the Congo - No prohibition

Switzerland - No prohibition

Cameroon - No prohibition

China - No prohibition

Germany - No prohibition

Dominica - No prohibition

Ecuador - No prohibition

Estonia - No prohibition

Egypt - No prohibition

Eritrea - No prohibition

Ethiopia - No prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No prohibition

Ghana - No prohibition

Greenland - No prohibition

Equatorial Guinea - No prohibition

Guatemala - No prohibition

Guinea-Bissau - No prohibition

Haiti - No prohibition

Indonesia - No prohibition

India - No prohibition

Iran - No prohibition

Iceland - No prohibition

Italy - No prohibition

Jamaica - No prohibition

Jordan - No prohibition

Japan - No prohibition

Kyrgyzstan - No prohibition

Cambodia - No prohibition

St. Kitts and Nevis - No prohibition

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No prohibition

Kuwait - No prohibition

Kazakhstan - No prohibition

Laos - No prohibition

Lebanon - No prohibition

Liechtenstein - No prohibition

Sri Lanka - No prohibition

Lithuania - No prohibition

Libya - No prohibition

Monaco - No prohibition

Madagascar - No prohibition

Marshall Islands - No prohibition

Myanmar - No prohibition

Mongolia - No prohibition

Malta - No prohibition

Maldives - No prohibition

Malaysia - No prohibition

Nigeria - No prohibition

Nicaragua - No prohibition

The Netherlands - No prohibition

Nepal - No prohibition

Nauru - No prohibition

Oman - No prohibition

Panama - No prohibition

Papua New Guinea - No prohibition

The Philippines - No prohibition

Pakistan - No prohibition

Poland - No prohibition

Palau - No prohibition

Paraguay - No prohibition

Qatar - No prohibition

Romania - No prohibition

Saudi Arabia - No prohibition

Solomon Islands - No prohibition

Seychelles - No prohibition

Sudan - No prohibition

Singapore - No prohibition

San Marino - No prohibition

Chad - No prohibition

Thailand - No prohibition

Tajikistan - No prohibition

Timor-Leste - No prohibition

Tunisia - No prohibition

Tonga - No prohibition

Türkiye - No prohibition

Uruguay - No prohibition

Uzbekistan - No prohibition

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No prohibition

Venezuela - No prohibition

Vietnam - No prohibition

Vanuatu - No prohibition

Yemen - No prohibition

Albania - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Czech Republic - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Iraq - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Malawi - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Russian Federation - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Syria - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

Turkmenistan - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

South Africa - General prohibition of discrimination in promotions and/or demotions

United Arab Emirates - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Armenia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Azerbaijan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Belarus - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Chile - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Colombia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Costa Rica - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Algeria - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Finland - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Greece - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Honduras - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Republic of Korea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Lesotho - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Mali - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Mauritania - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Mozambique - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Namibia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Rwanda - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Somalia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

El Salvador - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Eswatini - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

United States of America - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on foreign national origin

Andorra - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Angola - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Argentina - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Australia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Belgium - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Burkina Faso - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Brazil - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Cote d'Ivoire - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Cuba - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Cabo Verde - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Cyprus - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Djibouti - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Denmark - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Dominican Republic - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Spain - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Fiji - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

France - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Gabon - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

United Kingdom - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Grenada - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Georgia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

The Gambia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Guinea - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Guyana - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Croatia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Hungary - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Ireland - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Israel - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Kenya - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Kiribati - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Comoros - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

St. Lucia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Liberia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Luxembourg - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Latvia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Morocco - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Moldova - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Montenegro - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

North Macedonia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Mauritius - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Mexico - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Niger - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Norway - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

New Zealand - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Peru - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Portugal - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Serbia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Sweden - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Slovenia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Slovakia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Sierra Leone - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Senegal - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Suriname - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

South Sudan - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Sao Tome and Principe - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Togo - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Trinidad and Tobago - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Tuvalu - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Tanzania - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Ukraine - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Uganda - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Samoa - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Zambia - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition

Zimbabwe - Yes, foreign national origin-specific prohibition