WORLD Policy Analysis Center

Does legislation explicitly prohibit discrimination in demotions on the basis of gender?

The term ‘gender’ refers to country references to ‘gender’ or ‘sex’ or specific protections for ‘female’ or ‘women’ employees.

Demotions includes explicit legislative prohibitions against discrimination in disciplinary action and demotions.

No prohibition means that legislation does not does not take an explicit approach to prohibiting discrimination in demotions on the basis of gender. This does not mean that legislation denies this guarantee.

General prohibition of discrimination in demotions means that legislation prohibits discrimination in demotions generally—for example, by prohibiting discrimination based on “any status” or stating no worker may be discriminated against. This general prohibition is not specifically extended on the basis of gender.

Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender means that legislation extends a prohibition of discrimination at the workplace on the basis of gender, but does not explicitly address discrimination in demotions on the basis of gender. These broad prohibitions use language that could extend prohibition of discrimination across any aspect of work.

Yes, gender-specific prohibition means that legislation either: a) extends an explicit gender-based prohibition of discrimination in demotions, or b) extends a broad prohibition of gender -based workplace discrimination alongside a general prohibition of discrimination in demotions to all workers.

Countries

Afghanistan - No prohibition

Bangladesh - No prohibition

Botswana - No prohibition

Brazil - No prohibition

Brunei - No prohibition

Cameroon - No prohibition

Dominica - No prohibition

Guatemala - No prohibition

India - No prohibition

Jamaica - No prohibition

Jordan - No prohibition

Lebanon - No prohibition

Madagascar - No prohibition

Malaysia - No prohibition

Micronesia, Federated States of - No prohibition

Monaco - No prohibition

Myanmar - No prohibition

Nauru - No prohibition

Nigeria - No prohibition

Oman - No prohibition

Palau - No prohibition

The Philippines - No prohibition

Qatar - No prohibition

San Marino - No prohibition

Singapore - No prohibition

Solomon Islands - No prohibition

Sri Lanka - No prohibition

St. Kitts and Nevis - No prohibition

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No prohibition

Sudan - No prohibition

Tonga - No prohibition

Vanuatu - No prohibition

Algeria - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Andorra - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Antigua and Barbuda - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Argentina - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Austria - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Bahamas - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Bahrain - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Belarus - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Belgium - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Bolivia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Burundi - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Canada - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Central African Republic - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Chile - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

China - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Colombia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Republic of the Congo - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Costa Rica - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Croatia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Cuba - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Cyprus - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Czech Republic - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Denmark - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Ecuador - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Egypt - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

El Salvador - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Equatorial Guinea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Eritrea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Ethiopia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Fiji - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Finland - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Georgia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Germany - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Ghana - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Greece - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Greenland - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Guinea-Bissau - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Haiti - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Honduras - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Iceland - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Indonesia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Iran - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Iraq - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Israel - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Kazakhstan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Kenya - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Kiribati - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Republic of Korea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Kuwait - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Laos - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Latvia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Lesotho - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Libya - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Liechtenstein - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Lithuania - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

North Macedonia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Maldives - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Mali - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Malta - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Marshall Islands - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Mauritania - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Mauritius - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Mexico - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Mongolia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Montenegro - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Nepal - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

The Netherlands - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

New Zealand - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Nicaragua - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Norway - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Pakistan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Panama - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Papua New Guinea - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Paraguay - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Peru - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Poland - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Portugal - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Russian Federation - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Rwanda - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Samoa - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Sao Tome and Principe - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Saudi Arabia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Senegal - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Serbia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Slovakia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Slovenia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Somalia - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Suriname - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Eswatini - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Sweden - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Switzerland - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Tajikistan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Thailand - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Timor-Leste - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Trinidad and Tobago - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Turkmenistan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Tuvalu - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Ukraine - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

United Arab Emirates - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

United Kingdom - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

United States of America - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Uruguay - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Uzbekistan - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Venezuela - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Vietnam - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Yemen - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Zimbabwe - Broad prohibition of workplace discrimination based on gender

Albania - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Angola - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Armenia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Australia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Azerbaijan - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Barbados - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Belize - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Benin - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Bhutan - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Bulgaria - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Burkina Faso - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Cambodia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Cabo Verde - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Chad - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Comoros - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Cote d'Ivoire - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Djibouti - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Dominican Republic - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Estonia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

France - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Gabon - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

The Gambia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Grenada - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Guinea - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Guyana - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Hungary - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Ireland - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Italy - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Japan - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Kyrgyzstan - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Liberia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Luxembourg - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Malawi - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Moldova - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Morocco - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Mozambique - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Namibia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Niger - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Romania - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Seychelles - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Sierra Leone - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

South Africa - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

South Sudan - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Spain - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

St. Lucia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Syria - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Tanzania - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Togo - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Tunisia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Türkiye - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Uganda - Yes, gender-specific prohibition

Zambia - Yes, gender-specific prohibition